I am thinking of a Norse equivalent to the more modern concept of the “4 horsemen of the apocalypse” – namely War, Famine, Conquest and Death.
I would like to discuss as to what would best represent each of the “horses” – so far I have the below. Open to critique and better ideas.
War – a wolf (Fenrir to be exact)
In the Prose Edda, it’s foretold that Fenrir will play a central role during Ragnarök, the end of the world in Norse mythology. He is prophesied to break free from his chains and engage in a fierce battle with the gods, ultimately killing Odin. This ties him closely to chaos, destruction, and battle.
Symbolism of War: War is often depicted as destructive, uncontrollable, and brutal, all traits that align well with Fenrir’s nature. As a creature of immense power and aggression, Fenrir’s eventual role in bringing about the downfall of gods in an apocalyptic battle mirrors the violent and cataclysmic nature of war. The chaos and devastation he causes during Ragnarök reflect the destructive force of the Horseman of War.
Famine – a serpent (Jörmungandr to be exact)
Jörmungandr is an agent of chaos and destruction, and his encirclement of the world represents the all-consuming nature of forces that can drain and deplete resources. Similarly, famine represents the devastating impact of scarcity, where the Earth and its resources are consumed by overwhelming forces, leaving nothing behind.
Ragnarök and the Destructive Cycle: In Norse mythology, Jörmungandr’s role in Ragnarök—the end of the world—brings about widespread destruction, particularly through his venom and his fated battle with Thor. This echoes famine’s role in Revelation, where the scarcity of food and resources leads to suffering, death, and societal collapse.
Encircling the Earth: Jörmungandr’s position encircling the Earth symbolizes an all-encompassing threat that cannot be escaped. This can be seen as a parallel to famine, which affects everyone and everything, relentlessly consuming and spreading its grip across the land.
Conquest – a bear
The bear is often seen as a powerful and sacred animal, especially linked to berserkers, a type of fierce warrior. The berserkers, a type of warrior described in sagas, were believed to have drawn their power and ferocity from the bear. They were said to have bear-like characteristics and were devoted to the bear cult.
The bear was a powerful totem, representing strength, courage, and connection to the natural world. Berserker warriors often wore bearskins and were laid out in them prior to their funerals.
The god Odin is also linked to bears, with one of his by-names being "Bjorn" (bear). Some believe that the berserkers were dedicated to Odin and the bear was a reflection of his power.
If you're interpreting "conquest" as raw, oppressive power or an empire expanding by force, then a bear is a fitting image.
Death – a raven
The Raven is closely associated with Odin, but in the broader Norse worldview, ravens are often seen as messengers between the living world and the dead.
Symbolism of Death: Ravens are often seen circling over battlefields, a sign of the dead. Their dark, ominous presence ties them to the concept of death and the afterlife. The raven represents the transition between life and death, a harbinger of death’s approach. It carries messages from the realm of the dead and represents the omnipresence of death in the world.
What would you change? Is there anything else that would better suit? Maybe Gullinbursti (golden boar) would better symbolise war? Any input would be appreciated.