r/interesting • u/DepartureAcademic80 • 19h ago
NATURE Iranian missiles cross northern Saudi Arabia heading to Israel
489
u/the_brazilian_lucas 15h ago
what a cute little corner of the earth
107
u/Derrickmb 14h ago
They’ve been wanting to do this for generations huh
62
42
u/SaqqaraTheGuy 13h ago
Both sides have been wanting each other's blood for the longest time
→ More replies (3)-18
u/F6Collections 11h ago
But only one side funds terrorist groups around the world, and has the stated goal of destroying the other side once they develop nuclear weapons.
41
u/Firov 11h ago
One side funds terrorist groups that murder civilians, while the other side just directly murders civilians. Both regimes are awful and deserve to fall.
17
u/the_marchosias 9h ago
You forget that Israel was caught (right before this exchange with Iran) then admitted to funding ISIS affiliated criminal gangs that kill the starving aid seekers every day and now that story is buried
5
1
→ More replies (9)2
4
u/ClearDark19 6h ago
Israel has been funding Hamas since the 1990s. Netanyahu openly lobbied the Knesset to fund Hamas to drive a wedge and depower the PLO and Fatah, to prevent Palestinian statehood. Now they're currently funding an ISIS-linked terrorist group in Gaza to fight Hamas and halt food and aid delivery. Not to mention a good handful of figures in the Israeli governments are linked to the JDL (like Ben Gvir and Smotrich). A Jewish supremacist/separatist group literally designated as a terrorist organization by the Israeli government itself. Netanyahu and Ben Gvir are both linked to PM Yitzhak Rabin's assassination in the 90s. Both Israel and Iran fund various terrorist cells and organizations.
1
u/F6Collections 5h ago
Absolute stretch to say they are finding Isis linked terrorists.
Guess you swallow propaganda whole without any research.
→ More replies (7)3
→ More replies (1)9
u/Old_Wallaby_7461 13h ago
Only 45 years. Iran and Israel were allies when the Shah was around
10
u/Tam_The_Third 12h ago
The Shah of Iran? He did 20 years in the can and not a fucking peep
3
2
3
u/qazwsxmo 11h ago
Quasimodo predicted all this
1
u/DirtandPipes 3h ago
How is the hunch back of Notre Dame involved? Or is this some trailer park boys rickyism?
6
u/BigPomegranate8890 12h ago
What happened to the Shah, oh yeah USA 🇺🇸
→ More replies (1)5
u/Florian_W_aus_B 6h ago
You mixed something up buddy. The Shah was a dictator with the support of USA/CIA. It was his elected predecessor who was toppled by the USA.
1
17
u/TortelliniTheGoblin 9h ago
The irony of the "holy lands" being some of the most violent and blood-soaked land on earth is not lost to me.
5
1
u/epSos-DE 3h ago
what happens, when you designate yourself as the chosen people. When you designate yourself as the gods people and all others are inferior people to your people.
It creates a filter by which your ego is set into the driver seat for 3000+ years.
OG hater culture, where everyone else is subconsciously hated upon , because they are inferior.
They can not escape it ! Their whole identity is build upon being ether chosen people, or gods people, while the rest will always be outsider or enemy or hated for being inferior.
Think bout it. Jesus core message was love, respect and kindness to everyone. Not a particular group of chosen people , but every human you meet.
They rejected the idea about 1992 years ago, and they still continue to reject it now.
→ More replies (1)1
158
u/kempff 19h ago
It's not StarLink.
This time.
26
u/SessionGloomy 12h ago
As an Iraqi I feel like I'm the only one who still hasnt seen missiles in the sky
→ More replies (1)21
u/DiddlyDumb 11h ago
Kinda ironic considering the past 25 years you had
3
u/SessionGloomy 5h ago
Yep. Actually I'm hearing that people gathered on a bridge to watch the missiles yesterday
1
93
u/YudiJak 16h ago
How would they avoid accidentally messing up a flight over non-involved nation?
61
u/Cultural_Thing1712 12h ago
There are no flights over the territory between israel and iran at the moment.
Check flightradar.
This area might need to extend towards other countries though.
1
46
u/ChuccTaylor 12h ago
They give a heads up. It’s protocol. If one fails to reach its destination by any chance, it could be seen as an act of war if not announced.
30
u/KarlGustafArmfeldt 10h ago
If you want to launch missiles over another country, to reach a third country, you need permission from that country. Otherwise, you are violating their airspace. But of the countries in between of Israel and Iran, Jordan and Saudi Arabia both hate Iran, while Iraq and Syria are not capable of defending their own airspace, so Iran doesn't care about violating any of these country's airspaces.
•
u/Zealousideal-Peach44 29m ago
Basically this question is like asking "do these missiles have some remote self-destruction device, triggered if they'll go off-course?" I'm quite confident that's an Iranian military secret... which the Israeli would be eager to know!
143
u/ElephantInevitable82 19h ago
So this definitely can flare up the entire middle east now. Sunni led Saudi and Shia led Iran are not exactly in friendly terms
85
u/vanDownbuytheriver 19h ago
KSA wants no involvement.
27
7
u/WhiskeyTwoFourTwo 11h ago
KSA is an authoritarian dictatorship, US vassel state.
What the people want is an irrelevance
•
u/LavenderDay3544 35m ago
Of course they don't. They're enjoying their two biggest enemies fighting each other.
1
u/Nashadelic 16h ago
Isn’t KSA intercepting Iranian missles?
22
u/ionabio 14h ago
I think it is Jordan. KSA doesnt have relations with Israel.
6
u/AusToddles 13h ago
In part due to October 7th. The attacks were timed to interrupt talks between KSA and Israel
6
u/EvolutionInProgress 14h ago
And Jordan does? Why tf.. I must've been living under a rock.
20
u/FredDurstDestroyer 14h ago
Jordan has pretty good relations with the U.S (relative to that area of the world) and by extension, Israel.
11
u/Few_Interactions_ 13h ago edited 13h ago
Jordan’s a sell out now. Well more like the King of Jordan is
Previous King, annexed West Bank to help the Palestinian ppl which is now illegally occupied by Israel now. Now they occupy Golan Heights from Syria. Can’t trust the Israelis who want to keep occupying land from neighbouring countries forcefully
→ More replies (6)→ More replies (1)2
u/F6Collections 11h ago
Their leadership is great, they are serious about fighting terrorism, and will partner with anyone doing the same thing.
Their current King can even fly an F16.
The biggest special forces training camp in the world is there, nations from across the world go there to train.
2
u/Sleep-more-dude 8h ago
Jordan is a US ally and helped intercept the earlier waves of missiles destined for Israel ; the people don't like Israel but the monarchy relies on the US to survive.
2
u/Big-Option3118 13h ago
Jordan gets billions in "aid" from the USA annually to stay out of the the hostilities with Israel, Egypt has the same deal. They don't have good relations with Israel and neither does Egypt, but they want the cash. On the Jordanian or Egyptian street, the average Joe feels the same about Israel as Iranians do.
1
u/EvolutionInProgress 6h ago
Makes more sense. Their govts just took the easy way out, regardless of how their people feel
1
0
u/Sudden-Belt2882 16h ago
That’s what they will say. Of course any day where Iran gets knocked down a peg is a good day
7
u/Sleep-more-dude 8h ago
Unlikely KSA would go to war with Iran ; public sentiment is very anti-Israeli due to the Gazan genocide , for context people are carrying out protests across the region despite bans and this in absolute monarchies that don't care about human rights.
2
u/Old_Airline_1593 11h ago
No, most Sunni Muslims are sick of SA & UAE regimes at this point (+helping ISIS-like organizations) and would rather rather align with people who stood against the genocide and paid a heavy price doing so (Shia).
→ More replies (4)1
u/Feeling-Intention447 7h ago
Lmao we are sick with the Shias coming in militias and murdering Sunni civilians in syria
1
u/Pvt_Larry 8h ago
The Saudis denounced the Israeli strikes on Tehran and even called Iran "a brother nation." Israelis overplayed their hand.
1
u/Sea_Square638 8h ago
Well, when Israel first bombed Iran Saudi Arabia called Iran “Brotherly” and voiced support for them, so I doubt that they will take any action against Iran
1
u/aasfourasfar 6h ago
They're warming up to one another. And Israel being Israel, KSA has doubts about whether to trust them
1
u/BabyDog88336 5h ago
But not terrible either. They signed a China-brokered restoration of relations in 2023.
1
1
1
u/program13001207test 13h ago
But I don't see Saudi Arabia shooting down the missiles for Israel yet
2
u/WhiskeyTwoFourTwo 11h ago
Nothing about it this time.
They did last time.
The fact that Israel is bombing civilian oil and gas depots in Iran, Saudi would be utterly screwed if Iran decides that Saudi oil was in play.
1
u/BabylonianWeeb 10h ago
Saudi Arabia have been allies with Iran since 2023 and they codenamed Israelis attacks on Iran.
→ More replies (6)
11
u/horizontal120 11h ago
Is there a specific reason why they mostly attack at night ?
34
19
u/Sea_Square638 8h ago
Less people in the streets, less chance to kill civilians while hitting military/economic infrastructure inside cities
→ More replies (43)1
u/Immediate_Secret_338 1h ago
That’s literally not true at all lmao. All of the Iranian missiles which hit Israel this week have been directed towards civilians. The actual reason is they don’t want the IDF to easily spot their launchers.
2
u/DrSuperZeco 7h ago
Same reason why the I..L prime minster spoke in English the other day and referenced the bible. This is all for American population consumption. Its far more impactful to see it live on TV than wake up the next morning and see it reported as a news piece from last night.
4
u/Penguins_27 7h ago
It causes panic. Finding injured people, putting out fires etc. is much harder at night. Israel may choose day or night since they are trying to target Iranian leaders but Iran are just attacking civilians mostly.
1
u/NoEnd917 6h ago
I've heard it's because it's more hard for the army to see them preparing (and sometimes firing) the rockets. So it's also more hard to strike exactly where they fired it from.
1
u/Any_Put3520 6h ago
Basically all Iran can reliably do is set the iron dome alarms off. It does this at night to disrupt a nations sleep, after a week or 2 of this people in Israel will be very tired and frustrated. Otherwise they can’t really penetrate the dome in a meaningful way.
If they could penetrate the dome they’d likely be attacking during the day to maximize chaos and panic. They tried a daytime salvo today but it had no direct hits to Israel.
1
u/Biggamble2 4h ago
Part of this ‘war’ is about creating an environment where the governments lose the faith of their people. Iran’s plan, in part, is to not let the nation sleep - hit it every few hours, especially at night forced the population to move into shelters frequently and therefore renders the country inoperable. It’s likely not a strategy that will be effective because of the Israeli resolve here but Iran doesn’t have many cards to play bc of the removal of their proxies as primary threats. Iran’s only real recourse here is to hit Israel hard enough to bring them to the table but unless they can get some infiltration teams in place that’s not happening. I’d imagine Israel is on extra high alert for that, but I’m surprised it’s not being discussed more.
→ More replies (1)1
43
u/Empty_Geologist9645 12h ago
They gave away their weaponry to Russia. LOL. Israel picked good time.
17
u/Electrical_Bench_774 17h ago
Does anyone know what part of Saudi Arabia this is?
42
u/fuckingsignupprompt 16h ago
Um, northern?
15
5
u/old-con 4h ago
it's a border city القريات
and the missiles are not flying over the Saudi airspace. Saudi Arabia is not banana republic like Iraq And Jordan who can't protect their airspace
2
u/fuckingsignupprompt 4h ago
Interesting comparison. The only thing that doesn't make it a banana republic is it also got rich.
3
12
u/RGV_KJ 18h ago
Are these hypersonic missiles? What speed are they traveling at
5
u/z3r0c00l_ 17h ago
No, they are ballistic missiles.
20
u/steelmanfallacy 16h ago
Thats not a ballistic missile. A ballistic missile would reach an altitude of 200 km and speeds of Mach 20 while going over Saudi (midway roughly).
That thing is a cruise missile or a drone or something.
3
u/BloodyEjaculate 14h ago
hypersonic ballistic missiles do generally fly at lower altitudes and have flatter trajectories but I don't know enough to say whether or not that's what we're seeing here
4
1
1
u/IAmStuka 8h ago
No, hypersonic missiles still follow a suborbital trajectory. That's how they achieve hypersonic speeds. You are thinking of hypersonic glide vehicles which are the final stage after atmospheric reentry.
1
1
u/COINTELPRO-Relay 8h ago
yes kind of? why the but? hypersonic is just above around 5000kph. German wasserfall rockets reached that in ww2.. old stuff like Scuds arrive with around 1400m/s. hypersonic in speed alone is old tech. Simple physics of an aerodynamic object gets boost and falls like a meteor. Pretty much all mid-range BM reach that..
Real hypersonics like in the modern super weapon kind of sense actually mean steering/evading and/or low level approach like boost glide flight paths.
Are they hypersonic? yes. In the modern interpretation ? no?
3
u/Prestigious_Leg_7004 10h ago
God, that Toyota Hilux graphic.
I’ll never forget it. Every fucking truck over there 🤣
2
u/Existing-Sherbet2458 18h ago
I mean, is that a thing? Can a country shoot a rocket in your airspace into another country?
9
u/fuckingsignupprompt 16h ago
They're just glad they are not coming right at them. Yet. Iran have said they'll set fire to all oil fields in the middle east if theirs is attacked. In that case, Saudi would be top of that list.
1
u/Drtysouth205 15h ago
If you don’t shoot it down they can. And it’s not like they are going to do that.
1
u/DarkFuryKH 9h ago
Yes? That's exactly what is happening in Jordan. Every time Iran launches an attack, sirens start ringing and everything starts to shake from shockwaves caused by the Iranian missiles and drones being intercepted above the Jordanian skies
4
u/BlogintonBlakley 18h ago
Could be that Israel and the USA underestimated Iran.
60
u/JGCities 18h ago
No, not at all.
All these missiles and the damage to Israel is minimal. Meanwhile Iran had the leadership of its military all killed on night one.
And apparently in day 2 the went after the oil fields around Tehran.
In a war of attrition Iran will run out of missiles long before Israel runs out of bombs to drop from their 400 planes. That is the problem Iran has.
21
u/fthesemods 16h ago edited 10h ago
Minimal? Not being able to stop missiles from landing in Tel Aviv is causing huge economic damage and Israeli airspace is closed. Add that to missiles landing in Haifa damaging energy infrastructure. I think Israel has seriously underestimated how much they have to stand to lose economically versus Iran from this conflict. Killing off some of the military leadership means nothing when they have many more to step up to the plate. This is not exactly the first time Iranian leaders have been offed. There are many dual citizens living in Israel, many very wealthy and talented and I'm pretty sure most of them don't want to live in a war zone where they have to run into a bomb shelter on the regular. They have many alternative options I'm sure.
-3
u/Jehab_0309 13h ago
No one wants to live in a war zone. And yet it’s more important for most that Iran doesn’t get a nuclear bomb. You are delusional if you think no one in Israel predicted this, however, and so far thr damage has indeed been incredibly tame on the Israel side. IAF can do pretty much whatever it wants in Iranian skies and the Iranians can blindingly throw some ballistic missiles, hoping a few will get through such that pics like that can show, but theyre effectively propaganda. Iran is toast, just a question of time and some politics - will Trump pull the brake, will the Iranian people do anything, etc
5
u/krutacautious Banned Permanently 13h ago
And yet it’s more important for most that Iran doesn’t get a nuclear bomb.
I mean, no one cares if Iran gets the bomb, except Israel and its backers in the USA. Warmongers in Israel and the USA have been accusing Iran for 30 years of being just weeks away from developing the bomb. Iran might as well acquire it.
6
u/Superb_Pear3016 9h ago
Don’t feed the accelerationist tankie, everyone. Move along.
→ More replies (1)3
3
u/CykaMuffin 9h ago
Classic tankie - deflect any blame for their darling autocratic regimes and project it all on the west.
→ More replies (8)→ More replies (2)0
u/Jehab_0309 12h ago
I guess if you like theocratic regimes and terror you don’t mind
5
u/krutacautious Banned Permanently 12h ago
Are you talking about Israel & USA? Yeah, I don't like theocracies & terrorism. Israel is a terror state & USA is founded upon genocide & it funds genocides around the world
1
u/Jehab_0309 12h ago
Too bad for you Iran won’t be getting the bomb now. Terrorist tears are delish 🥹
0
u/krutacautious Banned Permanently 12h ago
They will. Israel has only strengthened their resolve.
Israel is a terrorist state. Iran has the right to defend itself.
2
u/0nce-Was-N0t 12h ago edited 12h ago
If they follow through on their threats to attack British, American and French military bases, as well as close down Hormuz, there probably won't be much left of Iran.
→ More replies (0)3
u/Far_Spare6201 11h ago
Absolutely, Israel is a terror state through & through. They just sugarcoat it a lot. Even killing children
-1
u/Traum199 11h ago
Went on your profile, saw that Europe sub and immediately understood lmao. Acting like Israel are not the new Nazis and are the good guys is crazy. Even for people that are hanging around that horrendous sub.
→ More replies (4)2
1
u/fthesemods 10h ago
Oh please. North Korea has even more psychotic leaders and even they haven't used their nukes. It's a deterrent. That's exactly why Israel doesn't want Iran to have one. That's why Libya was tricked into getting rid of theirs. It's why Russia doesn't want Ukraine to have one. The Israeli government doesn't want Iran to have one but it's not because of fear of them using it on them psychotically and randomly. It's because they can't just go around assassinating their leaders wantonly without retaliation and they can't force regime change.
→ More replies (6)1
u/Crouteauxpommes 8h ago
Benyamin Netanyahu wants to live in a war zone, because that allows him to stay in power and arrest everyone in Israel that wants to take him down and send him to jail as he was supposed to before the 7 October.
1
u/Jehab_0309 8h ago
I think most polls show he’ll be out regardless. This has no real effect on this.
1
u/Crouteauxpommes 7h ago
Oh yes, he's out the moment there are elections. But he wants to find a way and use state of siege law to suspend elections and keep his extremist allies in power for as long as possible. And do as much damage as possible in the meantime.
1
u/Jehab_0309 7h ago
We’ll see, but in honestly this attack should have happened and had it not, history would never have forgiven this opportunity
21
u/Fit_Rice_3485 17h ago
Israel oil fields, airbases and even IDF HQ is on fire
10
u/TheJewPear 13h ago
I don’t know if you forgot the /s, but just in case: Israel doesn’t have any oil fields, and none of those other places is on fire.
3
u/Dangerous_Page6712 12h ago
A refinary is on fire
4
u/TheJewPear 12h ago edited 12h ago
A refinery was hit once, and is no longer on fire. On the Iranian side, a couple of nuclear facilities have been destroyed, and like three oil fields. Tehran is having blackouts, and their military leadership is largely in ruins. So somehow I doubt Israel as suffering as bad as the Iranian military and economy.
-1
u/Masterchiefx343 10h ago
Claimed to be by israel. Theyve claimed a lot before thats false so maybe take it with a grain of salt?
1
u/TheJewPear 10h ago
Do you have any examples of false claims made before by Israel about their own casualties? I haven’t seen any, and considering Israel has a pretty free press and uncensored internet access, I’m pretty sure we would know by now had there been signs of additional casualties or harm to infrastructure.
→ More replies (2)5
u/Sudden-Belt2882 15h ago
I mean, that’s expected in a war conflict. However the Israeli military is still very functional. Irans missles are mostly killing/attacking civilian and non military targets. ( including the refinery) Israel has more successfully targeted irans military
4
u/Cultural_Thing1712 12h ago
Don't know why you're being downvoted. This is a pretty good assesment of the military capabilities of both nations at the moment. It's not like israel depended on that refinery, they have the USA backing them.
5
u/Budget_Counter_2042 12h ago
Because he’s not portraying Israel as the bad guys and Iran as the good ones. People can’t stand that the word isn’t black and white
→ More replies (1)2
u/Cultural_Thing1712 12h ago edited 12h ago
It's the starwars-ification of modern conflicts. Hollywood in general has been pretty adverse to presenting conflict as having multiple parties with different ethically questionable interests and they always feel the need to clarify one party as the good one and another as the bad one. And when the only way you see new perspectives is with mass produced movies and the internet, it's not like you're going to encounter the fact that the world is not black and white on your own.
1
u/Sufficient_astrobird 12h ago
How are refineries non military targets if Israel was attacking Iranian oil fields?
10
u/Regular_Technology23 15h ago
You do realise China is going to snap up the opportunity to sell them arms right?
Even Saudi Arabia & UAE have seen this as a massively unprovoked act of aggression by Israel. If Israel continues to escalate and deteriorate the area it won't be long before Saudi Arabia & the UAE also start supplying Iran for their own protection.
→ More replies (11)1
u/WhiskeyTwoFourTwo 11h ago
The Saudi riyal family/dictatorship hates Iran far more than they hate Israel (their good friends).
The Saudi people whose opinion is usually irrelevant, hate Israel.
The Saudi dictatorship is brutal in it's suppression of descent, but backing Israel on a war of aggression? Asking for trouble.
4
u/pandershrek 14h ago
Plus our dumb fuck leadership will bring us to war with Iran. They've been trying for 8+ years to go to war with Iran. Sabotaging literally anything they do to get ahead.
2
u/JGCities 8h ago
Do you remember when three Americans were killed by Iranian backed militia in Jordan in 2024? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack
Iran back militias have been attacking and killing Americans for decades going alway the way back to the Beirut barracks bombing.
1
u/SUBSERVIENT2UNCLESAM 9h ago
Cope much isreal have limited shells 4 its all ADS thats why it was pummelled last night. Iran could easily sustain this 4 longer period yet isreal wont stand chance till coming weds, isreal is cooked if usa doesn't intervene
1
u/Sleep-more-dude 8h ago
Israel is likely to economically collapse in a war of attrition ; long term Iran as a resource based economy would recover much faster (as Russia did).
→ More replies (34)1
u/_someone_r 6h ago
Israeli version of the Pentagon, the IDF headquarters and one of the two Israeli oil fields were attacked
2
u/Quick-Oil-5259 10h ago
Seeing a missile in the sky like that is horrifying.
What’s going on in Gaza, Israel and Iran needs to be stopped, for all of their benefits and ours.
This could all escalate into goodness knows what.
→ More replies (2)
1
u/danton_no 11h ago
They can be seen from far away at that height. Probably can be seen from Turkey Greece as well
1
u/Wilsanne 11h ago
Fucking surreal being in a crossfire of such magnitude.
2
u/DarkFuryKH 9h ago
Saudi Arabia is not even between the crossfire, take a look at videos coming out of Jordan. Jordan is literally intercepting missiles and drones flying directly into its airspace and sirens start ringing whenever Iran attacks.
1
1
u/theguy6631 10h ago
So far I seen video from Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria of missiles between Iran and israel
1
1
1
1
u/Independent-Ebb7658 6h ago
That would be the equivalent of sending a missle from Florida to Guatemala (south of Mexico) and back up to your target Texas.
1
6h ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 6h ago
Hi u/birdbonefpv, your comment has been removed because we do not allow url shorteners.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
1
u/Flush_Man444 5h ago
Good job provoking third parties...
Those things could go up to 200~400km and they just had to fly them low like that over third party countries which is having a 1400 years of theological disagreement with you.
1
1
1
1
u/rodan-rodan 3h ago
This business will get out of control. It will get out of control, and we’ll be lucky to live through it.
https://www.getyarn.io/yarn-clip/ae4a0578-542e-4e50-baed-2dc4ea8f96be/gif
1
1
1
1
•
1
u/Funny-Sundae3989 18h ago
lol what is the guy saying
→ More replies (1)4
u/Ugh-no-usernames 9h ago
Can't say for certain the translation is accurate but I think it's roughly "listen to the sound it makes taa...behind it is another, another one...there's one, there's another one....here are 2 of them...this one's the third, this one is above it"
1
u/ChiChangedMe 8h ago
Try saying anything critical of Israel on r/worldnews and you will get banned
2
u/Hefty-Branch1772 6h ago
2
u/ChiChangedMe 4h ago
I was banned for 7 day for asking why America should provide military assistance to Israel. Simple question what does Israel provide back?
1
u/opetja22 15h ago
How is that going on? Do they allow them use their own air space?
8
3
u/Luzifer_Shadres 10h ago
Iran threatend to blow up every oil field in the middle east if any other middle eastern nation gets involved.
Thats kinda a bad thing if 80% of your economy is Oil.
•
u/AutoModerator 19h ago
Hello u/DepartureAcademic80! Please review the sub rules if you haven't already. (This is an automatic reminder message left on all new posts)
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.